Search results for " Bienestar"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
Risk Assessment of Hip Fracture Based on Machine Learning
2020
[EN] Identifying patients with high risk of hip fracture is a great challenge in osteoporosis clinical assessment. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the current gold standard in osteoporosis clinical assessment. However, its classification accuracy is only around 65%. In order to improve this accuracy, this paper proposes the use of Machine Learning (ML) models trained with data from a biomechanical model that simulates a sideways-fall. Machine Learning (ML) models are models able to learn and to make predictions from data. During a training process, ML models learn a function that maps inputs and outputs without previous knowledge of the probl…
A Tool to Assess Architectural Education from the Sustainable Development Perspective and the Students' Viewpoint
2021
[EN] Architectural education plays a fundamental role in achieving sustainable development by training future professionals who can contribute to sustainability through their practice. Nevertheless, to ensure the introduction of sustainable development in the education of future architects, it is fundamental to understand what is being done and what could be improved. Despite this, a big gap has been detected in the assessment of architectural education in Spain and worldwide. Thus, a close-ended questionnaire for students has been designed based on the outcomes from a literature review, exploratory interviews with specialists, and the qualitative analysis of two schools of architecture. Ad…
El Enfoque de Derechos Humanos y la Política Social en México durante el período de transición política (1994-2006)
2017
La tesis analiza pormenorizadamente los distintos programas sociales implementados en México durante el período crucial de su transición política. Con ello se trata de comprender las razones por las cuales, a pesar de haber invertido muchos recursos y a pesar del signo radicalmente distinto de los gobiernos que aplicaron esas políticas sociales, los índices de pobreza de México, no sólo no disminuyeron sino, en algunos casos, incluso aumentaron. La respuesta tiene una doble vertiente: por un lado, el enfoque con el que se diseñaron las políticas sociales en ambos períodos fue el mismo, a pesar del cambio de gobierno y de régimen político: un enfoque meramente paliativo, frente a los nocivos…
Indicadores de eficacia política en materia de integración de personas inmigrantes y extranjeras. El caso de la Comunidad Valenciana
2017
RESUMEN TESIS DOCTORAL: Indicadores de eficacia política en materia de integración de personas inmigrantes y extranjeras. El caso de la Comunidad Valenciana. INTRODUCCIÓN: El principal interés de este estudio radica en la información que aporta, tanto a los decisores públicos, los políticos, como a los responsables de la elaboración de las políticas públicas en materia de integración de personas inmigrantes, los empleados públicos. En él se proponen una serie de indicadores de eficacia política dirigidos a orientar, en las competencias profesionales, a los protagonistas de llevar a cabo las voluntades políticas con la finalidad de que consideren la importancia que tiene el dotar de eficacia…
Política Social Comparada entre países de la Alianza del Pacífico y de la Unión Europea: México, Finlandia y España
2014
En la actualidad no existen estudios comparativos que midan de forma global la política social como input de los gobiernos. Una alternativa es la inclusión de diversos indicadores relevantes para la política social en un solo índice, que permita realizar un análisis estadístico y comparativo de diferentes países. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la factibilidad de medir la política social basándonos en sus input y aplicando el Social Policy Index (SPI) en tres países de diferente régimen de bienestar social, estableciendo una comparación retrospectiva de la situación de las políticas sociales entre cada uno, considerando los años 2001 a 2010. Los resultados arrojan una coherencia entr…
Patrimonio cultural para el desarrollo humano desde el Enfoque de Capacidades de Amartya Sen
2017
Este trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo analizar la relación entre ciudadanía y patrimonio cultural bajo los postulados del Enfoque de Capacidades (EC) promovido principalmente por Amartya Sen y otros autores que se han sumado a este enfoque. El EC nos permite metodológicamente evaluar el estado social de las cosas (nivel de desarrollo humano) desde lo que el sujeto (individual y colectivo) quiere hacer y ser en la vida contando para ello con recursos en forma de bienes culturales del pasado (objeto/elemento patrimonial) que reconoce y le permite funcionamientos relevantes en su vida. En el desarrollo de este trabajo retomamos conceptos que ya hemos formulado y usado en anterio…
Simulating the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions limiting transmission in COVID-19 epidemics using a membrane computing model
2021
Epidemics caused by microbial organisms are part of the natural phenomena of increasing biological complexity. The heterogeneity and constant variability of hosts, in terms of age, immunological status, family structure, lifestyle, work activities, social and leisure habits, daily division of time and other demographic characteristics make it extremely difficult to predict the evolution of epidemics. Such prediction is, however, critical for implementing intervention measures in due time and with appropriate intensity. General conclusions should be precluded, given that local parameters dominate the flow of local epidemics. Membrane computing models allows us to reproduce the objects (virus…
Empowering Patients Living With Chronic Conditions Using Video as an Educational Tool: Scoping Review
2021
[EN] Background: Video is used daily for various purposes, such as leisure, culture, and even learning. Currently, video is a tool that is available to a large part of the population and is simple to use. This audio-visual format has many advantages such as its low cost, speed of dissemination, and possible interaction between users. For these reasons, it is a tool with high dissemination and educational potential, which could be used in the field of health for learning about and management of chronic diseases by adult patients. Objective: The following review determines whether the use of health educational videos by adult patients with chronic diseases is effective for their self-manageme…
Subgrouping factors influencing migraine intensity in women: A semi-automatic methodology based on machine learning and information geometry
2019
[EN] Background Migraine is a heterogeneous condition with multiple clinical manifestations. Machine learning algorithms permit the identification of population groups, providing analytical advantages over other modeling techniques. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze critical features that permit the differentiation of subgroups of patients with migraine according to the intensity and frequency of attacks by using machine learning algorithms. Methods Sixty-seven women with migraine participated. Clinical features of migraine, related disability (Migraine Disability Assessment Scale), anxiety/depressive levels (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), anxiety state/trait levels (S…
Optical Evaluation of New Designs of Multifocal Diffractive Corneal Inlays
2019
[EN] Purpose. To assess the imaging properties of two different designs of a new concept of corneal inlays whose working principle is based on diffraction. Methods. The quality of the retinal images provided by Diffractive Corneal Inlays (DCIs) was evaluated theoretically in comparison with Small Aperture Corneal Inlay (SACI). ZEMAX OpticStudio software was employed for the simulations in an eye model with different pupil diameters (3.0 mm and 4.5 mm). The employed merit functions in the analysis were the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), the area under the MTF (MTFa), and the Point Spread Function (PSF). Comparison was made with the SACI at different defocus conditions. Results. The bifo…